發(fā)布時間: 2024年12月28日 12:00
托福閱讀文章中，也不乏會出現(xiàn)專業(yè)性的詞匯，有些文章甚至多次出現(xiàn)專業(yè)性的詞匯，大大影響了同學(xué)們的閱讀速度以及文章的理解能力，因此，想要更好地提高閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)，必須要攻克托福閱讀中的專業(yè)詞匯。
托福多次出現(xiàn)的單詞如下：
anthropologist 人類學(xué)家
paleoanthropologist 古人類學(xué)家
ecological anthropologist 生態(tài)人類學(xué)家
psychological anthropologist 心理人類學(xué)家
origin 起源
hominid 人(科)
homogeneous 同一種族(種類)的
tribe 部落
archeologist 考古學(xué)家
excavation 挖掘
excavate (unearth) 挖掘
ruins 遺跡，廢墟
remains 遺跡，遺骸
artifact 手工藝品
relic 遺物，文物
antique 古物，古董
antiquity 古代，古老
Stone Age 石器時代
Bronze Age (青)銅器時代
Iron Age 鐵器時代
Paleolithic 舊石器時代的
托福閱讀考察也是有一些技巧的：
托福閱讀考察的詞匯是偏于專業(yè)性質(zhì)的，原因是這樣:托?？荚囀菫榱丝纯忌挠⒄Z水平能否保證其在大學(xué)中順利學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)知識，因此考察的內(nèi)容是偏重學(xué)術(shù)的方面的，而閱讀文章也多從大學(xué)課本的簡易內(nèi)容中選取。所以在背單詞的時候?qū)τ趯W(xué)術(shù)詞匯給予一定程度的重視是合理的。
托福常用的單詞有很多，托福英語詞匯是成功備考托?？荚嚨幕A(chǔ)，沒有單詞這個基礎(chǔ)，接下來的聽力、口語、閱讀、寫作都將無法順利進行。以下我整理了在托?？荚囍械闹匾呒壴~匯和高級詞匯短語。
常見的4類高級詞匯一、藝術(shù)類
realism [?ri?liz?m] n 現(xiàn)實主義
impressionism [?m?pre??n?z(?)m] n.印象主義
impressionistic style [?m,pre??'n?st?k]?印象派風(fēng)格
sculptor n.雕塑家
decoration n. 裝飾品
stained glass [ste?nd `gl?s ]n.彩色玻璃
weaving[?wi?.v??] n.織動，編織
brushstroke [br??] [str?uk] n.一筆，繪畫技巧
texture [?tekst??] n.質(zhì)地，紋理
pigment ['p?gm(?)nt] 顏色，色素（?？迹?/p>
facial [?fei??l] adj. 面部的，表面的
gesture [‘d?est??] n.造型
rank 分等級
appeal v.對……有吸引力
documentary [?d?kju?ment?ri]n.紀(jì)錄片
portray [p?:?trei] vt.描繪，扮演
clown [klaun] n. 小 丑
authentic [?:?θentik] adj. 真正的
vocal music 聲樂
solo 獨奏
rhythm ['rie?m] n.節(jié)奏
dwelling [‘dwel??] n.住處，居住空間
timber [‘timb?] n.木材
genre [???nr?]n.文體
autobiography [??t?ba?'?gr?f?] n. 人物傳記
二、自然類話題
infinite [??nf?n?t]無限的
cosmic [‘k?zmik] adj.宇宙的
space debris [?de?br??d?br?]?太空垃圾
meteor [?mi?t??]流星
meteoroid [?mi?t???r??d]流星
illuminate [i’lju:mineit] v.照亮，使明亮
spin [sp?n]v.旋轉(zhuǎn)
rotate [r?u’teit] v.自轉(zhuǎn)
revolve [ri’v?lv] v.公轉(zhuǎn)
paradox [?p?r?d?ks]n.悖論
navigation [?n?vi?gei??n]n. 航 海
voyage[?v?i-id?]n.航行；航程
elongated [‘i:l??’ɡeitid] adj.被拉長的
ultra-violet?n.紫外線
visible light n.可見光
solar energy 太陽能
tidal energy?潮汐能
energy conservation 保護能源
greenhouse effect?溫室效應(yīng)
ozone layer (ozonosphere)?臭氧層
deforest 濫伐森林
drought 干旱
decompose [?di:k?m?p?uz]v. 分 解
synthesize ['sinθisaiz] v.合成；綜合
三、生命科學(xué)
mammal ['m?m?l]n. [脊椎] 哺乳動物
primates [?pra?m?ts]靈長目動物
endangered species?瀕危動物
nerve system [n?:v] n.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)
circulatory ['s?kj?l?t?ri]system 循環(huán)系統(tǒng)
renewing n.更新
metabolism [m??t?b?liz?m]n.新陳代謝
hormone [?h?:m?un]n.激素，荷爾蒙
insulin [‘insjulin] n.胰島素
secretion [si?kri:??n]n.分泌，分泌物
vessel [‘ves?l] n.血管
beak [bi:k] n.喙
wing [wi?]n.翅膀
feather [?fee?] n. 羽毛
tail [teil] n.尾
burrow [?b?r?u]n.洞穴
nest [nest] n.巢
mate [meit]n.交配
stimulus [?stimjul?s]n.刺激
forage [‘f?rid?] v.覓食
nomadic[n??'m?d?k]adj.游牧的；流浪的
domesticate [d??m?st??ket]v.馴養(yǎng)
reproduce[?ri:pr??dju:s] v.繁殖
camouflage [?k?m?flɑ:?]vt.偽裝
shield [?i:ld] v.防御，保護
harsh[hɑ:??] a.（環(huán)境）惡劣的
hibernation [?haib??nei??n]n.冬眠
echolocation [?ek?ul?u'kei??n]n.?回聲定位
organism[??:g?niz?m]n.生物體；有機體；微生物
microbes[?maikr?ubz]n.微生物，細(xì)菌
nectar ['nekt?]n.花蜜
四、社會科學(xué)
nomad [?n?um?d]n.游牧民
ruins [?ru??n]遺跡，廢墟
remains [r?'me?nz] 遺骸
shelter [??elt?] n.庇護所
ritual [‘rit?u?l] n.（宗教）儀式
originate [??r?d???ne?t]起源于
inhabit [in?h?bit]vt.居住于
bury[?beri]v.埋葬
subjective [s?b?d?ektiv]adj.主觀的
objective [?b?d?ektiv]adj.客觀的
cognition [k?ɡ?ni??n]n.認(rèn)識
questionnaire [?kwest???ne?]n.問卷
motivation [,m?uti'vei??n]n. 動機
intention [in’ten??n] n.意圖
self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 自立
majority [m??d??r?t?]n.多數(shù)人
minority [ma??n?r?t?m?-]n.少數(shù)人
collapse[k??l?ps]n./vt.崩潰
out of business 歇業(yè)，破產(chǎn)
annual budget [??nju?l] [?b?d?it]n.年度預(yù)算
mortgage [?m?:gid?]n./vt.抵押
commodity [k??m?diti]n.商品
常見的8組高級詞匯短語第一組：coincide with?和?contribute to
coincide with 同時發(fā)生
【釋義】:If one event coincides with another, they happen at the same time.
【例句】:Although his mental illness had coincided withhis war service it had not been caused by it.
contribute to 導(dǎo)致，有助于
【釋義】:If you contribute to something, you say or do things to help to make it successful.
【例句】:The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.
第二組: all but 和 break down
All but 幾乎是
【釋義】:You use all but to say that something is almost the case.
【例句】:The cases have stirred deep racial tensions, but the reactions of the white majority were all but silent.
break down 分解
【釋義】:When a substance breaks down or when something breaks it down, a biological or chemical process causes it to separate into the substances which make it up.
第三組：get credit for 和 take up
get credit for 因...而受到好評
【釋義】: If you get credit for something, you receive acknowledgment or praise for some accomplishment.
【例句】:Soldiers on the frontline fought and died, but it is politicians back home who got credit for winning the war.
he social sciences are less likely than other intellectual enterprises to get credit for their accomplishments.
比起其他學(xué)科，社會科學(xué)不太容易因為它們的成就而受到好評。
take up 承擔(dān)，開始做
【釋義】:If you take up an activity or a subject, you become interested in it and spend time doing it, either as a hobby or as acareer.
【例句】:I am not particularly willing to take up a competitive sport because that will increase the .
第四組： lay off 和 fall into disrepute
lay off 解雇
【釋義】:If workers are laid off,they are told by their employers to leave their job, usually because there is no more work for them to do.
【例句】:only firms with fewer than 100 workers can lay off employees without consultation.
fall into disrepute 名聲掃地
【釋義】:If something is brought into disrepute or falls into disrepute, it loses its good reputation, because it is connected with activities that people do not approve of.
【例句】:The whole trans-genetic industry fell into disrepute because of the research scandal.
第五組： little more than 和 in conjunction with
little more than 只不過
【釋義】:You use little more than to show something is only to a small degree.
【例句】:In fact, cost of cancer research is little more than 1 percent of the world's annual military spending.
in conjunction with 連同，與......共同聯(lián)合
【釋義】:If one thing is done or used in conjunction with another, the two things are done or used together.
【例句】:The water protection project will be done inconjunction with the Environment Agency.
第六組：hold in check 和 be rooted in
hold in check 抑制
【釋義】:If you hold something in check, you keep something or someone under control, usually to stop them becoming too large or too powerful.
【例句】:The minister's campaign to hold inflation in check showed modest signs of success in April.
be rooted in 來源于
【釋義】:If you say a particular quality is rooted in something, that quality has an origin or base from that thing.
【例句】:Many psychological problems of adults are actually rooted in their childhood experiences.
第七組： in terms of 和 have no sense of
in terms of 從......角度來說
【釋義】:If you talk about something in terms of something or in particular terms, you are specifying which aspect of it you are discussing or from what point of view you are considering it.
【例句】:General Electric made great contribution to America in terms ofenvironment protection.
have no sense of 對......沒有意識;沒有概念
【釋義】:If you have no sense of something, you have no recognition or perception either through the senses or through the intellect.
【例句】：Having no sense of moral obligation, Shipler was as little subject to the reproach of conscience after he acted as he was motivated by its promptings before he acted.
由于沒有道義的概念，Shipler在做事以后不會受到良心的譴責(zé)，正如同在行動之前他也幾乎不受良心的驅(qū)使一樣。
第八組 ：have yet to 和 make no attempt to
have yet to還沒有
【釋義】:If you say that you have yet to do something, you mean that you have never done it, especially when this is surprising or bad.
【例句】:He has been nominated three times for the Oscarbut has yet to win.
make no attempt to 不去嘗試
【釋義】:If you make no attempt to do something, you don't try to do it.
【例句】:The scientists make no attempt to improve the standard fuel cell, which is not much different today from when it was invented 150 years ago.
注 ：make an attempt to 即“嘗試做”
以上便是托福考試中一些重要的高級詞匯以及高級詞匯短語，祝你成功上岸！
篇幅所限，后面50個句子我制成文檔發(fā)在附件之中。
? ?1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
1.美洲羚羊，或稱叉角羚，是該大陸典型的草原動物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
2. 1986年看見哈雷慧星的千百萬人當(dāng)中，有多少人能長壽到足以目睹它在二十一世紀(jì)的回歸呢?
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
3.人類學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，恐懼，快樂，悲傷和驚奇都會行之于色，這在全人類是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚對人體帶有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被當(dāng)作常用的防腐劑了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利組織若要生存，最終都必須生產(chǎn)出消費者可用或需要的產(chǎn)品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一個地方的人口越多，其對水，交通和垃圾處理的需求就會越大。
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.簡明，直接，有力的寫作難于花哨，含混而意義模糊的表達。
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.隨著現(xiàn)代辦公室的日益自動化，設(shè)計師們正試圖利用較為溫暖而不太嚴(yán)肅的內(nèi)部裝飾來使其具有親切感。
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.誹謗和流言的區(qū)別在于前者是書面的，而后者是口頭的。
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝蓋是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一種化合物，它在溶于水時具有強烈的氣味和對金屬的腐蝕性，并且能夠使某些藍(lán)色植物染料變紅。
12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作為一個爵士布魯斯樂杰出歌手的名聲建立在能夠賦予歌曲感情深度的能力。
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理論在本質(zhì)上是對認(rèn)識了的現(xiàn)實的一種抽象和符號化的表達。
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicatethrough facial expressions and by making noises.
14.兒童在能說或能聽懂語言之前，很久就會通過面部表情和靠發(fā)出噪聲來與人交流了。
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受當(dāng)代灌溉(技術(shù)設(shè)施)之賜，農(nóng)作物在原來只有仙人掌和蕎屬科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生長。
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.機械計時器的發(fā)展促使人們尋求更精確的日晷，以便校準(zhǔn)機械計時器。
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人類學(xué)是一門科學(xué)，因為人類學(xué)家采用一整套強有力的方法和技術(shù)來記錄觀測結(jié)果，而這樣記錄下來的觀測結(jié)果是供他人核查的。
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化過程中十分重要，而腐化過程將化學(xué)物質(zhì)回饋于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解動物糞便。
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲擊時，產(chǎn)生幾乎純質(zhì)的音調(diào)，其音量經(jīng)久不衰。
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
20.雖然美洲山河桃樹最集中于美國的東南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利諾州也能看見它們。
21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
21.用怪罪別人的辦法來解決問題通常被稱為尋找替罪羊。
22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
22.一個國家的主要食物是什么，大體取決于什么作物在其天氣和土壤條件下生長得最好。
23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
23.在大量的實驗中，某一事件發(fā)生的幾率等于它不發(fā)生的幾率。
24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
24.大多數(shù)物質(zhì)遇冷收縮，所以他們的密度在固態(tài)時高于液態(tài)。
25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
25.大腦細(xì)胞儲存記憶的機理并不為人明白。
26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
26.到了二十一世紀(jì)中葉，美國畫家和雕塑家開始在世界范圍內(nèi)對藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生重大影響。
27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
27.伊麗莎白市，一個重要的航運和制造業(yè)中心，坐落于新澤西州的東部。
28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
28. Elizabeth Blackwell，美國第一個女醫(yī)生，創(chuàng)建了員工一直為女性紐約診所。
29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告訴家人，他更愿意讓后人記住他是聾子的老師，而非電話的發(fā)明者。
30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
30.采摘下的迷迭香樹葉常綠不衰，因此人們把迷迭香樹與懷念聯(lián)系在一起。
31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
31.骨頭看起來是脆硬的，但它也有一定的彈性，使得骨骼能夠承受相當(dāng)?shù)拇驌簟?/p>
32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
32.科學(xué)家曾相信：氙氣是不能形成化合物的。
33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability topredict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life. 33.對風(fēng)暴動力學(xué)的研究是為了提高風(fēng)暴預(yù)測從而減少損失，避免人員傷亡。
34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 34.消除通貨膨脹應(yīng)確保還貸的錢應(yīng)與所貸款的價值相同。
35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
35.未來主義，二十世紀(jì)早期的一個藝術(shù)思潮。拒絕一切傳統(tǒng)，試圖通過強調(diào)機械和動態(tài)來美化生活。
36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
36. Everglades是美國境內(nèi)最為荒涼和人跡罕至的地區(qū)之一，此處有大量的野生動植物而且大多受(法律)保護。
37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
37. Lucretia Mott’s的影響巨大，所以一些權(quán)威部門認(rèn)定她為美國女權(quán)運動的創(chuàng)始人。
38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
38.國際市場研究者的活動范圍常常較國內(nèi)市場研究者廣闊。
39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
39.大陸分水嶺是指北美洛磯山脈上的一道想象線，該線把大西洋流域和太平洋流域區(qū)分開來。
40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
40.對地球引力的研究表明，在不尋常的負(fù)荷之下地殼和地幔會發(fā)生位移。
41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
41.尤它州制造業(yè)的年產(chǎn)值大于其工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的總和。
42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
42.墻花之所以叫墻花，是因為其脆弱的枝干經(jīng)常要靠墻壁或順石崖生長，以便有所依附。
43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
43.社會心理學(xué)的主要焦點是人與人之間的交往，而不是他們各自生活中的事件。
44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansionof educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
44.給美國的新移民增加教育設(shè)施比任何社會運動都更多的激發(fā)了Elizabeth Williams的熱情。
45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
45.典型的鵪鶉都長有短而圓的翅膀，憑此他們可以在受驚時一躍而起，飛離它們的躲藏地。
46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
46.根據(jù)人類學(xué)家的說法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部輪廓與黑猩猩相似，額頭后傾，眉毛突出。
47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
47.直到1866年第一條橫跨大西洋的電纜才完全成功的架通。
48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他認(rèn)為是由科學(xué)技術(shù)給社會帶來的精神貧困。
49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
49.父母的教導(dǎo)如果堅定，始終如一和理性，孩子就有可能充滿自信。
50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
? ?50.北美遠(yuǎn)古的Hopewell人很可能種植了玉米和其他農(nóng)作物，但打獵和采集對他們的經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易仍是至關(guān)重要的。
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