發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2024年12月27日 09:48
托福側(cè)重學(xué)術(shù)英語,對(duì)沒接觸原文書籍的學(xué)員是較大難題。托福學(xué)術(shù)材料多半出自美國(guó)大學(xué)各學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)教材。托福學(xué)生群體基本為大三的學(xué)生(打算前往美國(guó)讀研究生的人),故而需要學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)英語的熟悉是意料內(nèi)的。并且也有大多打算就讀美國(guó)本科的學(xué)生也需要通過托福考試,這類學(xué)生,多提升下美國(guó)本科一年級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)材料是很有用的。相比而言雅思針對(duì)性一般。它既有學(xué)術(shù)類,又涵蓋移民類考試。題目涉及較寬泛,不少題目出自社會(huì)報(bào)紙和雜志等刊物。相對(duì)托福學(xué)術(shù)性閱讀材料而言,內(nèi)容顯得比較易讀,可是內(nèi)容卻非常長(zhǎng)。
除了詞匯量較大以外,句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜也是托福閱讀的障礙之一。面對(duì)難句,必須迅速把握其主干和重點(diǎn),下面為大家總結(jié)托福中的難句類型。
1.定語(包含后置定語與定語從句)
2.同位語
3.并列結(jié)構(gòu)
4.that引導(dǎo)的各種從句
5.插入結(jié)構(gòu)
6.獨(dú)立主格
7.倒裝句
8.強(qiáng)調(diào)句
9.虛擬語氣
對(duì)于不同類型的難句,把握主干的方法也不一樣。以倒裝句為例,主要有下列情況:
1.方位副詞放在句首
Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。
2.介詞放在句首
Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。
3.形容詞放在句首
Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。
4.過去分詞放在句首
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。
5.現(xiàn)在分詞放在句首
Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。
句子倒裝的目的主要有兩個(gè):
一是被提前的部分被強(qiáng)調(diào),如上述的第四句:Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,其中的accustomed按照正常語序應(yīng)該放在are之后:Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以將accustomed提前,是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)它。二是為了句子的平衡,否則將導(dǎo)致頭重腳輕的效果,如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句為例,按照正常語序應(yīng)該是:Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較糟糕,因?yàn)橹髡Z及其修飾語過長(zhǎng)(從句首直到cetaceans),而謂語部分were missing until recently較短,容易造成頭重腳輕的效果。第五句將missing提前,避免了這一現(xiàn)象。
以上就是托福中的難句類型,大家要想提高自己的托福閱讀速度,托福難句是一定要攻克的。參加托福閱讀班更多閱讀技能等你解鎖。