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托福閱讀訓(xùn)練有哪些方法與技巧

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托福閱讀訓(xùn)練有哪些方法與技巧

我們知道,在托福閱讀的考試中存在3種常見的題型,即:?jiǎn)卧~題目,找代詞指代對(duì)象題目和考查文章內(nèi)容的題目。

一、單詞題目

平時(shí)注意單詞量的積累,力求達(dá)到可以隨時(shí)隨地記憶單詞的境界。其實(shí)我們?cè)谟洃泦卧~的時(shí)候也可以適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┎呗?,那就是在我們可以把自己的?cè)重點(diǎn)放在動(dòng)詞和形容詞的記憶上??荚囘^(guò)后,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)策略的事半功倍了。此外,對(duì)于自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,我們應(yīng)該主動(dòng)回原文找同義詞,或找相關(guān)的提示信息。

二、找代詞指代對(duì)象的題目

在考試中,它們主要會(huì)以如下兩種形式出現(xiàn)。

(1)it、one、their、its、that類,這種題目主要是考查我們對(duì)于并列關(guān)系的掌握,這時(shí),我們應(yīng)該主動(dòng)去看這個(gè)詞所在的那整句話,從已知話中找到處于相同地位的詞。

(2)考查由that、which涉及到的`定語(yǔ)從句類,我們?cè)诿鎸?duì)這種題目時(shí),應(yīng)該有意識(shí)的在選項(xiàng)中找從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)起者或接受者,因?yàn)橹挥羞@樣才可以邁出通向勝利的第一步。

三、考查文章內(nèi)容的題目

在歷次的托??荚囍?,也存在著兩大主要題型,即:文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)考查題。

1、文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題

解答文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題,我們一般都可以回到原文中去做定位,找到相近或相似的內(nèi)容,進(jìn)而得出答案。

常見的定位有以下3種:

(1)題目本身給出定位。

(2)至少先可作出一個(gè)段落的定位。

(3)位置多夾于前后兩題位置之間。

2、文章結(jié)構(gòu)考查題

一定要注意:

(1)千萬(wàn)不要根據(jù)你讀的信息去作推理。

(2)不要把文章從頭到尾當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體,盡可能各段獨(dú)立。

(3)根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn),在考試中,整篇文章的最后一句出題較多,所以應(yīng)該仔細(xì)閱讀這個(gè)重要的句子。

以上是針對(duì)托福考試閱讀部分的常見題型做出的一些有關(guān)于考試解題方法與技巧的分項(xiàng)介紹。

在整個(gè)的閱讀考試中,我們還應(yīng)該了解到:

(1)在這個(gè)特殊的考試時(shí)間段內(nèi),我們的記憶比理解更為重要,在解題的時(shí)候一定要完全忠實(shí)于原文,切忌私自做出任何的主觀臆斷。

(2)在做題步驟方面,我們可以先簡(jiǎn)讀原文(主要是各個(gè)段落的第一,二句話),而后閱讀題目,最后觀察選項(xiàng)做出判斷。值得我們特別注意的是,我們?cè)谧龀雠袛嗟臅r(shí)候,切忌不要選擇在選項(xiàng)中存在比較,而在原文中沒(méi)有明確表示過(guò)的項(xiàng)目;切忌不要去選擇那些說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)化的選項(xiàng)。

托福閱讀考試有哪些常見題型

托福閱讀題型以及算分詳解,希望這篇文章對(duì)于大家在進(jìn)行托福閱讀備考的時(shí)候有幫助,下面就好一起來(lái)看看托福閱讀考試有哪些常見題型?

2019年托福閱讀考試需要完成3篇文章,每篇文章的字?jǐn)?shù)大約有700字左右,每篇文章的出題數(shù)是12-14題,平均20分鐘/篇。如果遇到加試,會(huì)從考試的四篇文章中隨機(jī)選取三篇計(jì)分。這三篇文章中所有回答正確的題目數(shù)量加起來(lái)就是你的閱讀總分。除重要觀點(diǎn)題和歸類題以外,每道題的分值都是1分,重要觀點(diǎn)題的分值可能是2分,歸類題為3或4分??荚囁梅?jǐn)?shù)范圍:0-30分。

 托福閱讀題型共分為10種:

1. Factual Information questions(事實(shí)信息題)

2. Negative Factual Information questions(否定事實(shí)信息題)

3. Inference questions(推論題)

4. Rhetorical Purpose questions(修辭目的題)

5. Vocabulary questions(詞匯題)

6. Reference questions(指代題)

7. Sentence Simplification questions(句子簡(jiǎn)化題)

8. Insert Text question(句子插入題)

9. Prose Summary(文章總結(jié)題)

10. Fill in a Table(表格填寫題)

 了解了托福閱讀的題型,我們?cè)賮?lái)看一下托福閱讀的計(jì)分方式:

托福閱讀以選擇題為主,除最后的文章總結(jié)題和表格填寫題之外,每道題的分值都是1分。

文章總結(jié)題滿分為2分。這道題會(huì)給出6個(gè)選項(xiàng),要求考生從中選出3個(gè)最能概括文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。在評(píng)分方面,文章總結(jié)題每道題2分。如果這道題沒(méi)有選對(duì)答案或只選對(duì)1個(gè)選項(xiàng),不得分;如果這道題選對(duì)2個(gè)選項(xiàng),得1分;如果這道題選對(duì)了3個(gè)選項(xiàng),得2分。

表格填寫題滿分為3分。這道題會(huì)有2或3欄/行表格,包括5個(gè)正確答案選項(xiàng)??忌枰趥溥x答案中挑出正確選項(xiàng),并將正確選項(xiàng)拖入表格中的相應(yīng)位置。表格填寫題滿分為3分。沒(méi)有答對(duì)或只答對(duì)1或2個(gè)答案不得分;答對(duì)3個(gè)答案得1分;答對(duì)4個(gè)答案得2分;5個(gè)全對(duì)得滿分3分。

在計(jì)算出原始分?jǐn)?shù)以后,將被轉(zhuǎn)化為0-30分的最終分?jǐn)?shù)。以下是原始分?jǐn)?shù)與最終分?jǐn)?shù)的對(duì)應(yīng)表:

比如,某位學(xué)生閱讀部分,錯(cuò)了5道小題,3道文章總結(jié)題各錯(cuò)一個(gè)選項(xiàng),因此扣去的分?jǐn)?shù)就應(yīng)該為5+1+1+1=8分,得到的原始分?jǐn)?shù)就是45-8=37分,根據(jù)上面的對(duì)應(yīng)表,最終得分應(yīng)為27分。再如,另一位學(xué)生,錯(cuò)了12道小題,3道文章總結(jié)題中,1道選錯(cuò)2個(gè)選項(xiàng),另外兩道各選錯(cuò)一個(gè)選項(xiàng),則扣分為12+2+1+1=16分,原始分?jǐn)?shù)為45-16=29分,根據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)表,最終分?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)為20分。

在上面的分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)應(yīng)表格中,需要特別注意的是25分和20分的最終分?jǐn)?shù)。如果得到25分以上,那就等于總分有可能上100分,而100分是申請(qǐng)美國(guó)名校的比較有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的分?jǐn)?shù)。如果得到20分以上,那就意味著總分有可能到80分以上,這個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)是申請(qǐng)美國(guó)前100名學(xué)校時(shí)比較基本的分?jǐn)?shù)。

大家還需要注意的是0分的最終分?jǐn)?shù),對(duì)應(yīng)的9分以下的原始分?jǐn)?shù)。在傳統(tǒng)考試中,如果不看題目,直接“蒙”,可能會(huì)得到一定的分?jǐn)?shù)。而在托福閱讀中,如果用“蒙”的方法,可能會(huì)得到9分的原始分?jǐn)?shù),但最終分?jǐn)?shù)就是0分。

詳解托福閱讀的解題技巧和訓(xùn)練方法

在托福閱讀考試中,有好的訓(xùn)練 方法 和一定量的解題技巧,可以為你的托福閱讀得到高分。那具體這些解題技巧和方法我們應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)用到平時(shí)的練習(xí)中去呢?下面我就為大家整理了這些,希望可以幫助到大家,快來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。

詳解托福閱讀的解題技巧和訓(xùn)練方法

1.每一篇 文章 第一次做時(shí),盡量按照考試速度要求做。

2.做完后,接下來(lái)就要認(rèn)真把文章讀一遍,劃出把文章里不懂的單詞和長(zhǎng)難句,查出單詞意思,(借助語(yǔ)法知識(shí))認(rèn)真分析長(zhǎng)難句,同時(shí)還要把錯(cuò)題(包括碰巧猜對(duì)的題目)認(rèn)真分析,特別是OG和漢客筆記的題目(還有北極星最后幾套ETS出的題目),一定要把題目涉及的文章內(nèi)容仔細(xì)看,甚至在文章中劃出涉及考題的內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)對(duì)易出題的考點(diǎn)的感覺(jué),甚至揣摩ETS的出題思路。等到這些工作都做完,這篇文章也就基本吃透了,這時(shí)再重新把文章讀一遍,最好多讀兩遍。這個(gè)過(guò)程其實(shí)就是精讀了。只要時(shí)間允許,做過(guò)一次的閱讀文章最好都盡量精讀,吃透它。光作對(duì)題只是一個(gè)淺顯的要求,就像只顧吃飯,對(duì)材料認(rèn)真分析、精讀才是真正消化吸收。

3.等過(guò)了三五天,或者兩三周以后,有空的話再把這篇文章看(做)一遍,作為鞏固,復(fù)習(xí),而且有時(shí)還會(huì)溫故知新。

P.S 如果時(shí)間不足,OG的文章是一定要精讀的,而且題目也要仔細(xì)研究,這是出題思路和考試最為接近的資料。這些原則在新托福閱讀其實(shí)也是同樣適用的,只要文章中出現(xiàn)如下內(nèi)容,都要引起注意:舉例證明,羅列式例舉,轉(zhuǎn)折(否定),因果,下定義,比較級(jí)(最高級(jí)),同位語(yǔ)(插入語(yǔ)),數(shù)字年代,特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)(引號(hào),破折號(hào)等)。

閱讀具體的做題順序

閱讀最基本的做題順序有兩種:先讀(全篇)文章再做題;先讀題目再讀文章(相應(yīng)部分)然后做題

它們又能衍生變化出兩種做題順序:讀一段文章,做相應(yīng)的題目,然后再讀一段,再做相應(yīng)的題目;讀文章各段首句,然后看題目,再找文章內(nèi)相應(yīng)部分做題

對(duì)于廣大非牛來(lái)說(shuō),可能“讀文章各段首句,然后看題目,再找文章內(nèi)相應(yīng)部分做題”會(huì)比較合適,讀各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和結(jié)構(gòu),做題再看內(nèi)容再做能大大降低“工作量”,但是這種做法不利于對(duì)全文的消化吸收,從而不利于做 總結(jié) 題,也可能會(huì)遺漏文章內(nèi)的一些細(xì)節(jié)而導(dǎo)致做錯(cuò)細(xì)節(jié)題。而新托福目前反饋大都是順序出題的,所以建議練習(xí)時(shí)就盡量往“讀一段做相應(yīng)題目,再讀一段再做相應(yīng)題目”這一順序去靠攏,可以對(duì)文章有全面的把握,雖然總量上還是要讀完全文,但是對(duì)大腦的短期記憶的負(fù)擔(dān)要比通讀全文再做題目小很多。

托福閱讀題型破解

閱讀一般來(lái)說(shuō)是中國(guó)人的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)了,也是拿分的主力。如果你口語(yǔ)不牛,作文 一般,還想考到100分,那么閱讀應(yīng)該保證在28分以上。(我認(rèn)為對(duì)于多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),要達(dá)到一百分,28,26,22,24這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是比較容易達(dá)到的。)

在IBT閱讀中,甚至可以擴(kuò)展到ETS所有考試的閱讀題目中,如果要用一個(gè)詞來(lái)概括的話,那就是paraphrase,意譯。無(wú)論是題干還是正確選項(xiàng),大都能在原文中找出一句話來(lái)與之相對(duì)應(yīng)。即題目是原文的意譯。這種意譯是通過(guò) 同義詞 來(lái)完成的。即題干中多用 近義詞 來(lái)對(duì)原文中的 句子 進(jìn)行替換,來(lái)達(dá)到提出問(wèn)題或者提出正確答案的意思。準(zhǔn)確把握意譯,是多數(shù)題目中準(zhǔn)確在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑選項(xiàng)中選出正確的那個(gè),都有著重要的作用。在后面的文章里我會(huì)結(jié)合實(shí)例解釋這一點(diǎn)。

關(guān)于先看題目還是先看文章的問(wèn)題。也就是做題時(shí)間安排的問(wèn)題。在此問(wèn)題上我與有的朋友也有過(guò)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。我個(gè)人習(xí)慣是先用5—7分鐘的時(shí)間通讀全文,然后平均每個(gè)問(wèn)題有1分鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答。由于對(duì)問(wèn)題的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基礎(chǔ)上,每個(gè)問(wèn)題又有足夠的時(shí)間返回全文,每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都一一進(jìn)行斟酌。我認(rèn)為這樣準(zhǔn)確率比較高。但有的朋友本著居家過(guò)日子的心,認(rèn)為1000多字的文章只出十幾個(gè)題,必然有一些信息是沒(méi)用的。這樣通讀全文就會(huì)浪費(fèi)掉一些時(shí)間,不如先看題再回去找來(lái)的痛快。對(duì)此我不好妄加評(píng)論。每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該通過(guò)考前大量的練習(xí)來(lái)制定出最為適合自己的方法。

關(guān)于復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間安排。我認(rèn)為,弄完詞匯以后,就應(yīng)該著手突擊一下閱讀了。如今各種各樣的模擬題猶如英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)班一樣大量涌現(xiàn)。不會(huì)出現(xiàn)我們?cè)缙诳忌蓄}舍不得做的情況了。但也不能太急功近利,單詞沒(méi)弄好就硬上閱讀,有時(shí)候會(huì)適得其反。用1周的時(shí)間大量的突擊,也是對(duì)單詞的一個(gè)鞏固。找到感覺(jué)以后就可以開始下面的復(fù)習(xí)了。復(fù)習(xí)聽力口語(yǔ)作文的日子里,每天一定要最少做3篇文章的題量,按照考試的時(shí)間要求,千萬(wàn)不可放松。做得多了,就可以把閱讀當(dāng)作一種放松了。ETS的閱讀文章能教給我們各種學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。(這與GRE有區(qū)別。托福的專業(yè)性文章還都處于一個(gè)啟蒙的專業(yè)水平上,不像G那么變)閱讀還可以教給我們一些老美的思路,老美看待問(wèn)題的方式。閱讀不會(huì)像你想象的那樣痛苦的。

無(wú)論是OG還是Delta,都把閱讀的題目分成十類,即:Understanding Facts and Details, IdentifyingNegative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences,Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence(Sentence inserting), Summarizing important Ideas and Organizing information. 我將按順序一一解釋。

還有很重要的一點(diǎn),做題的時(shí)候,無(wú)論考試還是練習(xí),不光要分析對(duì)的選項(xiàng)為什么對(duì),更要分析錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng)為什么錯(cuò)。有時(shí)候分析錯(cuò)誤的原因更為重要。有助于你把握出題的思路,培養(yǎng)感覺(jué)。這是非常有用的。

托福閱讀詞匯實(shí)踐出高分

有些人在復(fù)習(xí)托福閱讀一開始就抱著詞匯書背,我認(rèn)為那樣做背起來(lái)特別容易忘,而且還到實(shí)際中還不知道怎么用。其實(shí)不妨這樣做,那一開始就做真題,就像摸考一樣,然后在對(duì)答案的時(shí)候,遇到的不懂得單詞,再看那些跟著每一套閱讀真題的單詞(有一些書就是跟著每套題的單詞,全篇翻譯都有的),這時(shí)候再背單詞,做一套,背一套,大概這樣做上4、5套題,你的感覺(jué)就是,大體主要的單詞也就是這些了,那你就提高到一個(gè)境界了。

而且復(fù)習(xí)托福閱讀真題讓你對(duì)真題書而有熟,是一舉幾得的事。我就是這么做的,是清華的一個(gè)家伙介紹給我的,真是不錯(cuò),現(xiàn)在大概復(fù)習(xí)有1個(gè)多月了,錯(cuò)題數(shù)能控制在2個(gè)以內(nèi)。當(dāng)然另外,還要注意一點(diǎn),那就是一個(gè)閱讀的方法問(wèn)題,我也想說(shuō)一下,希望對(duì)大家有用。

托福閱讀備考的方法

其實(shí) 快速閱讀 的技巧在掌握文章的思路,使整篇文章的段落層次,清晰在大腦中展現(xiàn)。

在讀第一段時(shí),特別是第一句,往往給我們一個(gè)大致的思路,文章的論題是什么,作者想說(shuō)什么?然后第二段的第一句,然后在想一想作者下面又想講什么,這一段里有沒(méi)有什么重要的細(xì)節(jié)。然后第三段,又講了什么,這里面的重要細(xì)節(jié)又是什么。

幾段下來(lái),每次讀的時(shí)候都要來(lái)個(gè)小小的總結(jié)。各個(gè)段落的目的是什么,主題又是什么?這樣,在腦子里面形成一個(gè)作者思路圖,在腦子里或者在草稿紙上畫一個(gè)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)思路題。

在回答問(wèn)題前,花幾秒鐘總結(jié)一下文章大意,它的思路和主題。

再次提醒,TOEFL考察的是你的答題能力而非閱讀能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章,了解文章中的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。(其實(shí),你也沒(méi)有那么多時(shí)間)。相反,你應(yīng)該只讀文章段落的第1句,而快速瀏覽其余部分。當(dāng)你"讀"完這篇文章時(shí),你就能對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)思路有總體的把握。

答題。根據(jù)你對(duì)文章的整體思路來(lái)答題。將問(wèn)題(或選項(xiàng))定位到文章中具體的某個(gè)段落甚至具體的句子。因?yàn)槟氵@樣做完,你會(huì)覺(jué)得每一段的思路、脈絡(luò)都會(huì)非常清晰,做題的時(shí)候,就可以很快找到出題點(diǎn),而且對(duì)于偏離主題的題一眼就能看出,主題詞就會(huì)顯得格外明顯。而實(shí)際中每一次的小結(jié)只需要幾秒鐘的一個(gè)停頓就可以,大家不妨試試,就會(huì)明白了。

需要注意的是,復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候,一定要看原文章,將文章通讀,遇到忘了的單詞,在重新回來(lái)查書上的解釋,然后再背。這樣背過(guò)的單詞就不再是一個(gè)個(gè)孤立的單 詞,而且也省去了枯燥背單詞的時(shí)間,更主要的是,這樣背過(guò)的單詞,你會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)詞的用法很熟悉,不容易忘,或者就像有些人所說(shuō)的,明明在單詞表里覺(jué)得挺熟的 詞,到了真正的閱讀中,又會(huì)覺(jué)得很生疏,或者不能立刻反映出它的意思了。

托福閱讀備考時(shí)大家要在做托福閱讀真題的同時(shí)理解背誦單詞,這樣才能進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)托福閱讀學(xué)習(xí)的質(zhì)量,希望對(duì)大家有幫助。

托福閱讀真題1

Glass fibers have a long history. The Egyptians made coarse fibers by 1600 B.C., and fibers survive as decorations on Egyptian pottery dating back to 1375 B.C. During the Renaissance (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries A.D.), glassmakers from Venice used glass fibers to decorate the surfaces of plain glass vessels. However, glassmakers guarded their secrets so carefully that no one wrote about glass fiber production until the early seventeenth century.

The eighteenth century brought the invention of spun glass fibers. R é ne-Antoine de R é a French scientist, tried to make artificial feathers from glass. He made fibers by rotating a wheel through a pool of molten glass, pulling threads of glass where the hot thick liquid stuck to the wheel. His fibers were short and fragile, but he predicted that spun glass fibers as thin as spider silk would be flexible and could be woven into fabric.

By the start of the nineteenth century, glassmakers learned how to make longer, stronger fibers by pulling them from molten glass with a hot glass tube. Inventors wound the cooling end of the thread around a yarn reel, then turned the reel rapidly to pull more fiber from the molten glass. Wandering tradespeople began to spin glass fibers at fairs, making decorations and ornaments as novelties for collectors, but this material was of little practical use; the fibers were brittle, ragged, and no longer than ten feet, the circumference of the largest reels. By the mid-1870's, however, the best glass fibers were finer than silk and could be woven into fabrics or assembled into imitation ostrich feathers to decorate hats. Cloth of white spun glass resembled silver; fibers drawn from yellow-orange glass looked golden.

Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930's, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous filaments were developed. In the modern manufacturing process, liquid glass is fed directly from a glass-melting furnace into a bushing, a receptacle pierced with hundreds of fine nozzles, from which the liquid issues in fine streams. As they solidify, the streams of glass are gathered into a single strand and wound onto a reel.

1. Which of the following aspects of glass fiber does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The major developments in its production

(B) Its relationship with pottery making

(C) important inventors in its long history

(D) The variety of its uses in modern industry

2. The word coarse in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) decorative

(B) natural

(C) crude

(D) weak

3. Why was there nothing written about the making of Renaissance glass fibers until the seventeenth century?

(A) Glassmakers were unhappy with the quality of the fibers they could make.

(B) Glassmakers did not want to reveal the methods they used.

(C) Few people were interested in the Renaissance style of glass fibers.

(D) Production methods had been well known for a long time.

4. According to the passage , using a hot glass tube rather than a wheel to pull fibers from molten

glass made the fibers

(A) quicker to cool

(B) harder to bend

(C) shorter and more easily broken

(D) longer and more durable

5. The phrase this material in line 16 refers to

(A) glass fibers

(B) decorations

(C) ornaments

(D) novelties for collectors

6. The word brittle in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) easily broken

(B) roughly made

(C) hairy

(D) shiny

7. The production of glass fibers was improved in the nineteenth century by which of the

following

(A) Adding silver to the molten glass

(B) Increasing the circumference of the glass tubes

(C) Putting silk thread in the center of the fibers

(D) Using yarn reels

8. The word appreciated in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) experienced

(B) recognized

(C) explored

(D) increased

9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) invention (line 7)

(B) circumference (line 17)

(C) manufacturing process (line 24)

(D) bushing (line 25)

PASSAGE 53 ACBDA ADBD

托福閱讀真題2

Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varèse(1 883-1965) called thus the liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds. Electronic music, for example — made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and electronic instruments — may include sounds that in the past would not have been considered musical. Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical composition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments. A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions. Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments that used to be couriered unconventional in Western music — tom-toms, bongos, slapsticks, maracas—are widely used.

In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of microtones. Non-western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more finely than western music does, thereby producing a greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters — closely spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has taken on new importance as well. Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.

Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations, recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music

(B) How sounds are produced electronically

(C) How standard musical notation has been adapted for nontraditional sounds

(D) Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound

2. The word wider in one 1 is closest in meaning to more impressive

(A) more distinctive

(B) more controversial

(C) more extensive

(D) more impressive

3. The passage suggests that Edgard Var è se is an example of a composer who

(A) criticized electronic music as too noiselike

(B) modified sonic of the electronic instruments he used in his music

(C) believed that any sound could be used in music

(D) wrote music with environmental themes

4. The word it in line 12 refers to

(A) piano

(B) string

(C) blade

(D) music

5. According to the passage , which of the following types of instruments has played a role in

much of the innovation in western music?

(A) string

(B) percussion

(C) woodwind

(D) brass

6. The word thereby in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) in return for

(B) in spite of

(C) by the way

(D) by that means

7. According to the passage , Krzysztof Penderecki is known for which of the following practices?

(A) Using tones that are clumped together

(B) Combining traditional and nontradinonal instruments

(C) Seating musicians in unusual areas of an auditorium

(D) Playing Western music for non-Western audiences

8. According to the passage , which of the following would be considered traditional elements of

Western music?

(A) microtones

(B) tom-toms and bongos

(C) pianos

(D) hisses

9. In paragraph 3, the author mentions diagrams as an example of a new way to

(A) chart the history of innovation in musical notation

(B) explain the logic of standard musical notation

(C) design and develop electronic instruments

(D) indicate how particular sounds should be produced

PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD

托??荚囬喿x部分有哪些題型

托??荚囬喿x部分題目類型包括:①圖表題②篇章總結(jié)題③詞匯題④指代關(guān)系題⑤簡(jiǎn)化句子題⑥插入文本題⑦事實(shí)信息題⑧推斷題⑨修辭目的題⑩否定排除題同學(xué)們都知道托福成績(jī)決定是否能成功申請(qǐng)自己喜歡的學(xué)校有決定性的作用,備考托福的過(guò)程中,托福閱讀考試有幾篇?托福加試是什么呢?接下來(lái)小編帶大家一起來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)托??荚?。

托??荚囬喿x題復(fù)雜句類型匯總

托福考試閱讀題復(fù)雜句類型匯總
托福閱讀考試中有不少句子是非常值得大家背一背記一記的,這些句子以出現(xiàn)于你的托福寫作中為文章添彩,所以考生們應(yīng)時(shí)時(shí)注意這些,不用一字不落的背誦,要在平時(shí)托福 閱讀中注意積累,覺(jué)得用得到的要記下來(lái),以下是天道我總結(jié)的托福閱讀中的9個(gè)高難度句,希望對(duì)大家的托福閱讀考試有幫助。
1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
戴著面具身著盛裝的人們,經(jīng)常扮演各種其他人物、動(dòng)物或超自然生靈,并且作為一個(gè)扮演者所能做的,就是期盼一個(gè)在狩獵或戰(zhàn)役中獲勝、降雨的來(lái)臨,陽(yáng)光的重現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。
2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
但是這些事實(shí)不能解釋這個(gè)令人感興趣的問(wèn)題,就是為什么在一個(gè)特殊的靠近他們出生的地方如此的集中了這么多懷孕的魚龍。
3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.
十九世紀(jì)一系列持續(xù)的機(jī)械進(jìn)步,包括踏板的傳入、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的完善和鋼絲最完美的質(zhì)量,最后產(chǎn)生了一種能容納無(wú)數(shù)音調(diào)——從最精致的和弦到一個(gè)成熟管弦的聲音或從一個(gè)清澈的歌聲到輝煌的敲擊樂(lè)的效果——的樂(lè)器。
4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.
雖然我們習(xí)慣于談到1972年以前的電影是無(wú)聲的,但用一句完全感性的話來(lái)說(shuō),電影從來(lái)就不是沒(méi)有聲音的。
5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.
多年以來(lái)電影音樂(lè)的選擇程序完全掌握在導(dǎo)演和音樂(lè)督導(dǎo)手中,通常擁有這些權(quán)力的主要資格并非是自身的技藝和品味而更多的是因?yàn)閾碛写罅康膫€(gè)人音樂(lè)素材庫(kù)。
6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.
更進(jìn)一步,他們是由一個(gè)頂層是毛紡或光滑的精紡羊毛織物制作,包含光滑,緊湊的紗線來(lái)自長(zhǎng)羊毛的纖維染成蘭黑色、綠色、或褐色底層含有粗糙天然的和暗黃色的毛紡材料。
7.For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.
在春季和夏季,要精確量度干旱、熱量、冰雹、蝗蟲和其他損失可能是一件疲勞的事情。
8.What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.
我們今天所謂的美國(guó)民間藝術(shù),實(shí)際上是普通老百姓的藝術(shù)、被普通老百姓創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)和為普通老百姓和日常提到的“民間人士”的藝術(shù),是一個(gè)他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)日漸繁榮和休閑情況下創(chuàng)建的一個(gè)包含各種各樣尤其是肖像畫種類的藝術(shù)的市場(chǎng)。
9.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
他們沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè),但是經(jīng)過(guò)幾千年,已經(jīng)發(fā)展了探索自身環(huán)境的技術(shù)和設(shè)備。他們是基于大量出現(xiàn)鮭魚、大比目魚和其他多種魚類的自身流域和水岸捕魚的經(jīng)濟(jì);基于從落基山水岸聚集了鮑魚、蚌類、蛤和其他貝殼動(dòng)物的經(jīng)濟(jì);基于捕獵地域和海洋哺乳動(dòng)物的經(jīng)濟(jì);以及基于收集野生植物的食物的經(jīng)濟(jì)。

新托福閱讀新題型的重點(diǎn)解析

新托福閱讀考試中偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)的“新題型”往往會(huì)令許多考生感到茫然和恐慌,不過(guò)新托??荚嚱處熣J(rèn)為大家對(duì)“新題型”完全沒(méi)必要害怕,下面托我就將給我們?cè)敿?xì)分析新托福閱讀考試OG中沒(méi)出現(xiàn)的各種“新題型”。

新托福閱讀新題型的重點(diǎn)解析

其實(shí)這些新題型并不是進(jìn)入2009年,2010年以或者是2011年新出現(xiàn)的題型。這些題型其實(shí)是新托福考試自從誕生之日起,就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了的題型,但是由于ETS的官方指南一直沒(méi)有將這部分題型列入其中,因此是等到“新托福突破口——TPO”出現(xiàn)之后,才慢慢被人們知曉的,在這之前,只有傳言,但是都是捕風(fēng)捉影。話不多說(shuō),妙文開始!

新托??荚嘜G列出了閱讀的10種題型:

1. Factual information questions (純粹細(xì)節(jié))

2. Negative factual information questions (否定細(xì)節(jié))

3. Inference questions (推理題)

4. Rhetorical purpose questions (修辭目的題)

5. Vocabulary questions (詞匯題)

6. Reference questions (指代題)

7. Sentence simplification questions ( 句子 簡(jiǎn)化題)

8. Insert text question (句子插入題)

9. Prose summary (內(nèi)容摘要題)

10. Fill in a table (表格歸類題)

但實(shí)際上,新托??荚囬喿x當(dāng)中還考了一些OG中沒(méi)列舉出來(lái)的題目:

一.段間關(guān)系概括題:這種題目要求考生概括出2個(gè)自然段間的邏輯關(guān)系。比如說(shuō)《THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION》這篇 文章 的第6題。

6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Paragraph2 and Paragraph3?

Paragraph2 puts forward several scientific claims, one of which is rejected in Paragraph3

Paragraph2 poses several questions, and Paragraph3offers a possible answer to one of them

Paragraph2 presents outdated traditional views, while Paragraph3presents the current scientific conclusions.

Paragraph2 introduces a generalization that is illustrated by specific examples in Paragraph3

二.修辭手法題:這種題目是修辭目的的變體。OG中大多數(shù)題目只考察一個(gè)詞組的修辭目的,而實(shí)際考試會(huì)對(duì)一句話甚至整段話的修辭目的進(jìn)行考察。一個(gè)是考修辭對(duì)象,一個(gè)是考修辭的手段。比如說(shuō),《Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction》這篇文章第2題:

2. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?

To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record

To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous

To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous

To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster

三.段落結(jié)構(gòu)題:這里題目考查的是文章段落的構(gòu)架,可以算是新題型。比如:《THE ORIGINS OF THEATER》這篇文章的第9題,

9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?

The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.

The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.

The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.

The author points out problems with two popular theories.

四. 段落主題題:這種題目考查的是整個(gè)段落的主題,可以說(shuō)是老托福段落主題題的延續(xù):

比如《Petroleum Resources》這篇文章的12題:

12.In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to

Provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment

Describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress

Give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment

Explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills

五. 雙選題:其實(shí)不僅僅在聽力考試之中有雙選題,閱讀考試之中也是有雙選題的,只是ETS有可能覺(jué)得這點(diǎn)并不重要,因此沒(méi)有通知偶們,例子請(qǐng)見:《The Geologic History of the Mediterranean》這篇文章第5題。

5. Select the TWO answer choice from paragraph 3 that identify materials discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin. To receive credit you must select TWO answers.

Volcanic rock fragments.

This silt layers

Soft, deep-sea mud

Crystalline salt

以及《THE RISE OF TEOTIHUACAN》這篇文章第11題:

11. Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.

The prosperity of the elite

Plenty of available housing

Opportunities for well-paid agricultural employment

The presence of one or more religious shrines

除此以外,OG對(duì)于新托福考試閱讀題型的呈現(xiàn) 方法 也與真實(shí)考試有一定距離,如:

一.細(xì)節(jié)題的閱讀跨度:OG中大多數(shù)題目只考一段,但是實(shí)際考試會(huì)有一道題目考2段、甚至是3段的情況。比如《GROUNDWATER》這篇文章的第10題:

10. According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?

It is unusually solid

It often has high porosity.

It has a low proportion of empty space.

It is highly permeable.

二.句子改寫題的句子復(fù)雜性:真實(shí)考題比OG中的句子改寫題要長(zhǎng)很多,而且邏輯關(guān)系也更復(fù)雜。

三.指代題:OG指代題考得不少,真實(shí)考試指代題考得很少。

四.選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)度:真題的選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)度長(zhǎng)很多。

五.細(xì)節(jié)題題干關(guān)鍵字沒(méi)有在原文直接給出。這讓考生定位細(xì)節(jié)難度大幅度增加。不過(guò)說(shuō)句公道話,其實(shí)在老托??荚嚲鸵呀?jīng)這樣了,并不是在新托??荚囍歇?dú)有的。比如《Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer》這篇文章的第11題。

11.Paragraph 5 mentions which of the following as a source of difficulty for some farmers who try to conserve water?

Crops that do not need much water are difficult to grow in the High Plains.

Farmers who grow crops that need a lot of water make higher profits.

Irrigating less frequently often leads to crop failure.

Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry.

六. 文章的復(fù)雜程度

托福分類話題詞匯——科技篇

Technology

state-of-?the-?art, cutting edge 尖端的

revolutionize 徹底改革

automated, mechanized 自動(dòng)化的;機(jī)械化的

mass-??production 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)

cost-?effective/economica l性價(jià)比高的

transform 改變

breakthrough 突破

break boundaries 打破界限

advance 發(fā)展,前進(jìn)

information overload, information explosion 信息過(guò)量; 信息爆炸

inconceivable, novel, user-?friendly 想象不到的;原創(chuàng)的;用戶友好的

speed up/accelerate, augment/enhance/boost efficiency 加速;提高效率

innovation, ingenious 創(chuàng)新;有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的

at a staggering rate 以一種令人驚愕的速度

ultra-?lightweight, portable 超級(jí)輕便的;可攜帶的

transaction交易

the proliferation of the Internet/the intensive use of the Internet/the widespread use of the Internet 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及

托福分類話題詞匯—— 教育 篇

Education

assignment, homework 任務(wù),家庭作業(yè)

required/compulsory courses, elective courses 必修課程;選修課程

children and youth/adolescent 青少年

adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth. 適應(yīng)

segregate students 區(qū)分對(duì)待學(xué)生

team spirit 團(tuán)隊(duì)精神

think independently 獨(dú)立思考

students' feedback/input, 學(xué)生的反饋

students appraise/evaluate their teachers' performance學(xué)生對(duì)老師的評(píng)價(jià)

generalist, specialist, well-rounded/versatile 通才;專才;多才多藝的人

humanities, social science, arts, science and engineering, basic science, applied science 人文;社科;藝術(shù);科技;基礎(chǔ)科 學(xué); 應(yīng)用科學(xué)

self-discipline 自制,自我約束

interact, participation/involvement 交互;參與

schooling, parenting, vocational education, curriculum 上學(xué);父母教育;職業(yè)教育;課程

be proficient in, well-acquainted with, role-model, perform well in 在…..方面很在行

peer pressure, overprotective, frustration 同輩壓力;過(guò)度保護(hù);崩潰

thought-provoking, enlightening, inspiring 激發(fā)思考的;啟迪的,激發(fā)的

cultivate/foster/nurture 培養(yǎng),養(yǎng)成

refreshing, uplifting, motivating 振奮人心的

juvenile delinquency/youth crime, bully, truancy 青少年犯罪;欺凌;逃學(xué)

impart/inculcate knowledge 傳授知識(shí)

instill high moral values 灌輸高尚的道德觀

employable/marketable skills 就業(yè)技能

force-feed the students 填鴨教育學(xué)生

memorize for memorization's own sake 為了記憶而記憶

memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws 背誦公式理論和定理

follow sth. blindly/follow sth. indiscriminately 盲目跟從;不加區(qū)分地跟從

extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity 限制、扼殺創(chuàng)造力

dampen/sap the students' enthusiasm 打擊學(xué)生熱情

adverse circumstances/adversity 逆境

托福寫作重要的三個(gè)步驟

第一步:審題、確定立場(chǎng)、列出理由最少3分鐘最多5分鐘。

要避免兩個(gè)極端:((只需要在草稿紙上用英文單詞或漢語(yǔ)列出各個(gè)理由,防止遺忘))

用時(shí)太少,理由沒(méi)有想清楚就開始寫作,不僅造成文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)不清,還會(huì)引起行文中頻繁的修正,

欲速則不達(dá);

用時(shí)太多,不要追求一次思考就能把每一條理由及相關(guān)例證都想出來(lái)。其實(shí)想出兩條之后就可以動(dòng)筆

,各個(gè)理由的例證可以寫到該段時(shí)邊思考邊寫。這一點(diǎn)你不必懷疑,只要你的思維還是正常的,一定能做

到。

第二步:正文寫作。最少22分鐘最多26分鐘。

a.各段寫作時(shí)注意對(duì)段落的不同部分給予不同的重視。

主題句給予最大重視,注意煉句,別說(shuō)你不想寫主題句,主題句可以使讀者和筆者本人更清晰該段落

寫什么。各段中支持性細(xì)節(jié)寫作不必遵循相同的模式。有n種選擇可供參考:1. 舉具體事例 2. 說(shuō)對(duì)方相

對(duì)缺點(diǎn)3. 使用數(shù)據(jù) 4. 使用假想例子 5. 使用類比、比喻、引用等修辭手段來(lái)論述。哪一種你最容易想

出來(lái),就用哪一種。

b.考前將文章開頭、結(jié)尾、例證、讓步等各種句套背熟練,并且練習(xí)和模考時(shí)把他們用熟,要象做完

型填空一樣對(duì)待考場(chǎng) 作文 。別試圖在考場(chǎng)上再現(xiàn)去決定比如哪種開頭好,怎樣結(jié)尾好。使用自己選種的套

話。

c.當(dāng)被告知還有5分鐘結(jié)束時(shí),一般你已經(jīng)該寫到最后一條理由,或者已經(jīng)在做結(jié)尾。要確保文章有

結(jié)尾段。(不排除將他和最后一條理由的末段結(jié)合在一起的可能性。)

第三步:檢查。需要1-3分鐘,有側(cè)重點(diǎn)地檢查。

1、句法:確保每句話是完整的,有謂語(yǔ),且簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)。

2、時(shí)態(tài):文章絕大部分使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱要使用單數(shù);使用過(guò)去發(fā)生的事

例時(shí)用的是過(guò)去時(shí);

3、主謂一致

按此三步,持續(xù)練習(xí)5篇以上,可以確保時(shí)間問(wèn)題。

整潔

1、TWE要求必須用鉛筆寫作文,你要自己準(zhǔn)備好鉛筆和橡皮。橡皮要有韌性,太硬會(huì)擦破紙,有錯(cuò)誤

要擦干凈再改;

2、第一遍寫作時(shí)要求字跡不要太大也不要太小,通常一行寫10-12個(gè)左右單詞為宜。如果書法不好,

可以在考前練習(xí)寫一下斜體的26個(gè)字母的寫法。

托福閱讀有哪些易錯(cuò)題型

托福閱讀考試被大部分考生認(rèn)為是用來(lái)提分的關(guān)鍵托??荚嚳颇?,而對(duì)于托福閱讀考試當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的題型——詞匯題,大部分原因是因?yàn)榭忌脑~匯的不足,造成詞匯不熟悉,所以詞匯基礎(chǔ)就一定要打好。

句子簡(jiǎn)化題是比較容易出錯(cuò)的題型,這種題型的正確解題方法應(yīng)該是利用對(duì)句子的理解來(lái)解題,而不是靠翻譯,這類題型容易出錯(cuò)的主要原因在于考生往往先對(duì)原句進(jìn)行翻譯,然后從選項(xiàng)中找出和原句翻譯類似的答案。

此外托福閱讀最后一題的錯(cuò)題率是非常高的,主要錯(cuò)題原因有答題時(shí)間不足或者考生能力不足,這個(gè)題型考察考生對(duì)于文章整體的把握,需要足夠的解題時(shí)間。一部分考生由于時(shí)間緊張,往往匆匆作答,很難答對(duì);還有部分考生是因?yàn)椴荒茏プ∥恼轮髦?,分不清重點(diǎn)答不對(duì)題。

文章總結(jié)題,句子簡(jiǎn)化題,詞匯題在備考時(shí)大家應(yīng)該對(duì)其實(shí)題型和答題結(jié)構(gòu)全部分掌握,在考試時(shí)才能輕松應(yīng)對(duì),可以總結(jié)托福閱讀考試練習(xí)主要有:詞匯、句子理解和題型掌握這3個(gè)部分的基礎(chǔ)越牢固答題正確率才會(huì)上來(lái)。

托福閱讀30題評(píng)分對(duì)照表解析

托福的閱讀考試,一共有30道題,那么你知道是怎樣進(jìn)行評(píng)分的嗎?怎樣進(jìn)行備考呢?跟著來(lái)一起了解一下托福閱讀30題評(píng)分對(duì)照表。

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

托福閱讀(Reading)有三篇文章,與老托福不同的是,考生不需要在答題之前通讀全文,而是在做題的過(guò)程中分段閱讀文章。每篇文章對(duì)應(yīng)有14道試題,均為選擇題。除了最后一道試題之外,其他試題都是針對(duì)文章的某一部分提問(wèn),試題的出現(xiàn)順序與文章的段落順序一致。最后一題針對(duì)整篇文章提問(wèn),要求考生從多條選擇項(xiàng)中挑選若干項(xiàng)對(duì)全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)或歸納。新一代托福閱讀文章的篇幅比老托福閱讀文章的篇幅略長(zhǎng),難度也有所增加。這部分持續(xù)時(shí)間為1小時(shí),在此時(shí)限中考生可以復(fù)查、修改已遞交的答案。

托福閱讀每篇文章大概700個(gè)字,對(duì)應(yīng)14道題目。其中,13道題是基礎(chǔ)信息和推斷題,每道題1分。最后一道題是小結(jié)題,俗稱大題,滿分2分。大題一般情況下是6選3,3個(gè)選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)一個(gè)扣一分,扣完為止,即在答題中錯(cuò)2或3個(gè)選項(xiàng),這個(gè)題目不得分。

因此,每篇文章對(duì)應(yīng)14個(gè)題目,共15分。閱讀部分整體42道題,對(duì)應(yīng)原始分?jǐn)?shù)滿分45分。根據(jù)如下表格,將會(huì)給出原始分?jǐn)?shù)與最終分?jǐn)?shù)的對(duì)應(yīng)。

如果大家還不是很了解,我就舉一個(gè)例子。比如,某位學(xué)生閱讀部分,錯(cuò)了6道小題,3道大題各錯(cuò)一個(gè)選項(xiàng),因此扣去的分?jǐn)?shù)就應(yīng)該為6+1+1+1=9分,因此原始分?jǐn)?shù)就是36分,最終得分為26分。另一位學(xué)生,錯(cuò)了11道小題,3道大題中,1道大題選錯(cuò)2個(gè)選項(xiàng),另外兩道大題各選錯(cuò)一個(gè),則扣分為11+2+1+1=15分,原始分?jǐn)?shù)為30分,最終分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)應(yīng)為21分。

在此分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)應(yīng)表格中,需要特別注意的是25分和20分的最終分?jǐn)?shù)。如果得到25分以上,那就等于總分有可能上100分,而100分是申請(qǐng)美國(guó)名校的比較有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的分?jǐn)?shù)。如果得到20分以上,那就意味著總分有可能到80分以上,這個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)是申請(qǐng)美國(guó)前100名學(xué)校時(shí)比較基本的分?jǐn)?shù)。

大家還需要注意的是0分的最終分?jǐn)?shù),對(duì)應(yīng)的9分以下的原始分?jǐn)?shù)。在傳統(tǒng)考試中,如果不看題目,直接“蒙”,可能會(huì)得到一定的分?jǐn)?shù)。而在托福閱讀中,如果用“蒙”的方法,可能會(huì)得到9分的原始分?jǐn)?shù),但最終分?jǐn)?shù)就是0分。

 備考技巧

分段做題省去掃讀時(shí)間

在四六級(jí)考試中,閱讀時(shí)間也很少,雖然單詞相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,但是篇幅較長(zhǎng),逐字閱讀肯定是沒(méi)有時(shí)間的,所以做題技巧中掃讀是很重要的環(huán)節(jié),目的是找到與題目相關(guān)的段落或者語(yǔ)句才能找到做題依據(jù)。而在托福閱讀考試中,是每閱讀完一段就做只涉及該段的題目,信息集中,重要的是節(jié)省了大量的時(shí)間,緩解了托福閱讀文章通篇的眩暈感。而這部分題目就是四六級(jí)中常說(shuō)的細(xì)節(jié)題。

分段閱讀打好基礎(chǔ)

在分段閱讀的同時(shí),可以記下關(guān)鍵詞或者中心句,在文章結(jié)束時(shí)就可以有根據(jù)回想起整篇文章的脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),邏輯關(guān)系,對(duì)最后一題的選擇有很大幫助。同時(shí)題目中也明確給了做題方法,即沒(méi)有提到的信息或者不重要的觀點(diǎn)就可以排除了。

生詞不必怕

托福閱讀考試中對(duì)單詞量的要求還是很大的,即使單詞量很大了,也難免會(huì)遇上生僻詞的情況,而托??荚囍羞x用的文章說(shuō)明性特別強(qiáng),往往是自定義 — 自解釋的模式,遇到生詞,即使不知道什么意思,也可以根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境弄清它們之間的關(guān)系,運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法作出正確的答案。其次,還可以分析選項(xiàng),進(jìn)行對(duì)比,往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)意思相反的選項(xiàng),此時(shí)再仔細(xì)重讀原文就可以排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)了。

近義詞選擇有技巧

幾乎每段中都會(huì)有生詞意思辨析題,有些詞考生一看就認(rèn)識(shí),這樣的題目就很容易了,但是也不能粗心大意,如果時(shí)間富?;蛘甙盐詹淮?,可以把選項(xiàng)帶入文章中檢查一遍。對(duì)于那些不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯,也是有許多技巧的。首先是分析詞性,采用排除法排除詞性不一致的選項(xiàng)。其次是用代入法。選項(xiàng)中給出的詞意一般就是考生認(rèn)識(shí)的,將選項(xiàng)帶入,分析一下是否能夠保證原文合情合理,通順。

托福閱讀考試的題目都考什么內(nèi)容呢?

托福閱讀考試題目--單詞題

針對(duì)這種題,平時(shí)要注意積累單詞。在記憶單詞的時(shí)候也可以適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┎呗?,可以把自己的?cè)重點(diǎn)放在動(dòng)詞和形容詞的記憶上。此外,對(duì)于自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,我們應(yīng)該主動(dòng)回原文找同義詞,或找相關(guān)的提示信息。

托福閱讀考試題目--指代對(duì)象題

在考試中,它們主要會(huì)以如下兩種形式出現(xiàn)。

(1)it、one、their、its、that類,這種題目主要是考查我們對(duì)于并列關(guān)系的掌握,這時(shí),我們應(yīng)該主動(dòng)去看這個(gè)詞所在的那整句話,從已知話中找到處于相同地位的詞。

(2)考查由that、which涉及到的定語(yǔ)從句類,我們?cè)诿鎸?duì)這種題目時(shí),應(yīng)該有意識(shí)的在選項(xiàng)中找從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)起者或接受者,因?yàn)橹挥羞@樣才可以邁出通向勝利的第一步。

托福閱讀考試題目--考查文章內(nèi)容題

在歷次的托??荚囍校泊嬖谥鴥纱笾饕}型,即:文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)考查題。

(1)文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題

解答文章細(xì)節(jié)考查題,我們一般都可以回到原文中去做定位,找到相近或相似的內(nèi)容,進(jìn)而得出答案。

常見的定位有3種:題目本身給出定位;至少先可作出一個(gè)段落的定位;位置多夾于前后兩題位置之間。

(2)文章結(jié)構(gòu)考查題

一定要注意:千萬(wàn)不要根據(jù)你讀的信息去作推理;不要把文章從頭到尾當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體,盡可能各段獨(dú)立;根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn),在考試中,整篇文章的最后一句出題較多,所以應(yīng)該仔細(xì)閱讀這個(gè)重要的句子。

雅思考試 托福考試 留學(xué)攻略 留學(xué)院校庫(kù)

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