托福詞匯：流傳至今的莎士比亞段子(一)

在托福詞匯中，有不少?gòu)纳勘葋啎r(shí)期流傳下來(lái)的詞匯和短語(yǔ)，這些段子正是由莎士比亞創(chuàng)造的，有一些我們到現(xiàn)在仍然經(jīng)常使用，大家都知道莎士比亞寫(xiě)過(guò)很多偉大的戲劇，這些沿用至今的詞匯正是英語(yǔ)中的瑰寶，接下來(lái)就跟小編一起來(lái)看看吧!

"The green-eyed monster"

綠眼睛的怪物

"Oh, beware, my lord, of jealousy!

It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock

The meat it feeds on."

“哦，我的主人，請(qǐng)當(dāng)心嫉妒!

它是綠眼睛的怪物只會(huì)愚弄

自己的盤中肉”

莎士比亞用法：

Iago says this phrase as he plants doubts in Othello's mind about his
wife's faithfulness. Merriam-Webster writes that he may have been evoking cats,
given that they are "green-eyed creatures who toy with their prey before killing
it."

伊阿古讓奧賽羅對(duì)妻子的忠心起了疑心后，說(shuō)了這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。韋氏大詞典中寫(xiě)道，伊阿古這么說(shuō)可能會(huì)讓人想到貓，因?yàn)榧刀适恰熬G眼睛的怪物，先玩弄然后再殺死獵物”。

現(xiàn)代用法：

Now "the green eyed-monster" is an idiomatic expression for the noun
"jealousy."

現(xiàn)在“綠眼睛的怪物”是“嫉妒”的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。

Source: "Othello," Act 3, Scene 3

出處：《奧賽羅》第三幕，第三場(chǎng)

"Break the ice"

打破堅(jiān)冰

"... And if you break the ice and do this feat,

Achieve the elder, set the younger free

For our access, whose hap shall be to have her

Will not so graceless be to be ingrate."

“您要是破了堅(jiān)冰，

娶了他的大女兒，解放了小女兒，

給我們開(kāi)辟出一條路來(lái)，無(wú)論這幸運(yùn)落在哪一個(gè)人身上，

對(duì)您老兄總不會(huì)不知感激的?！?(朱生豪譯)

莎士比亞用法：

Tranio suggests if Petruchio can "break the ice," then he will be able to
woo Katherina. By using the "ice" language, Shakespeare makes Katherina seem as
cold as ice. Moreover, the fact that the ice needs to be broken suggests that
she is hard to reach.

特蘭尼奧想讓批特魯喬替他“破了堅(jiān)冰”，然后他就能夠向凱薩琳娜求愛(ài)。通過(guò)這個(gè)詞組，莎士比亞暗示凱薩琳娜像堅(jiān)冰一樣寒冷，而堅(jiān)冰之所以需要被破，也說(shuō)明凱薩琳娜的不近人情。

But the first actual usage of "break the ice" probably comes from Sir
Thomas North's 1579 translation of "Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Grecians and
Romans" — although in this case the phrase meant "to forge a path for others to
follow," alluding to the breaking of ice to allow the navigation of boats.

不過(guò)，“破除堅(jiān)冰”次出現(xiàn)，是在托馬斯?諾斯爵士1579
年翻譯的普魯塔克《希臘羅馬名人傳》，不過(guò)在這里，這個(gè)詞組意味著“為其他人開(kāi)辟一條道路”，意指通過(guò)破冰來(lái)讓船通過(guò)。

現(xiàn)代用法：

"Break the ice" still means to get to know someone.

意思仍然是“開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)某人”。

Source: "The Taming of the Shrew," Act 1, Scene 2

出處：《馴悍記》，幕，第二場(chǎng)。

"Wear my heart upon my sleeve"

直抒胸臆

"For when my outward action doth demonstrate

The native act and figure of my heart

In compliment extern, 'tis not long after

But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve

For daws to peck at: I am not what I am."

“要是我的表面的行動(dòng)，

果然出于內(nèi)心的自然流露，

那么不久我就要掬出我的心來(lái)，

讓烏鴉們亂啄了。世人所知道的我，并不是實(shí)在的我?！?(朱生豪譯)

莎士比亞用法：

Devious Iago basically says that if his outward appearance reflected what
he was thinking, then his heart would be on his sleeve for birds to peck at —
which is not a good idea in his eyes. And so he adds that he is actually not
what he appears to be.

邪惡的伊阿古要說(shuō)的是，通過(guò)他的外表反映了他的思想，那他的心就要讓烏鴉們亂啄了。在他看來(lái)，這不是一個(gè)好主意。所以他又說(shuō)“世人所知道的我，并不是實(shí)在的我?！?/p>

Notably, Iago's motives for his antagonistic behavior are never fully
revealed — so it is interesting that he is the character who has immortalized
this phrase.

伊阿古這一行為背后的動(dòng)機(jī)從來(lái)沒(méi)有被揭曉，有趣的是，也是他讓這個(gè)短語(yǔ)流傳千古。

現(xiàn)代用法：

To show one's feelings openly.

公開(kāi)表達(dá)某人的感受。

Source: "Othello," Act 1, Scene 1

出處：《奧賽羅》，幕，場(chǎng)。

"All of a sudden"

突然之間

"I pray, sir, tell me, is it possible That love should of a sodaine take
such hold?"

“少爺，請(qǐng)您告訴我，難道愛(ài)情會(huì)這么快就把一個(gè)人征服了嗎?” (朱生豪譯)

莎士比亞用法：

How Shakespeare uses it: Apparently, Shakespeare might have thought that
"all of a sudden" was a more poetic way of saying "suddenly" so he had the
character Tranio in "The Taming of the Shrew" say it that way.

顯然，莎士比亞認(rèn)為all of a sudden比用suddenly一詞更詩(shī)意。所以，他讓特蘭尼奧在《馴悍記》中這么說(shuō)。

Although, Shakespeare wasn't the first to use "sudden" — John Greenwood
used it in 1590.

不過(guò)，莎士比亞不是個(gè)用sudden這個(gè)詞的，約翰?格林伍德在1590年次使用這個(gè)詞。

現(xiàn)代用法：

The meaning is the same, although we now spell it "sudden" rather than
"sodaine." The word is spelled in the modern way in newer printings of "The
Taming of the Shrew."

這個(gè)詞在現(xiàn)代的意義沒(méi)有變化，只不過(guò)現(xiàn)在我們將其拼成sudden，而不是sodaine。在現(xiàn)代新版本的《馴悍記》中，這個(gè)詞都被改成了現(xiàn)代的拼寫(xiě)方法。

Source: "The Taming of the Shrew," Act 1, Scene 1

出處：《馴悍記》，幕，場(chǎng)。

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